Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Abend | This message arises when a computer process ends abnormally | Annimaava අන්නිමාව A n ni m va (e2s map) |
Access Access-control-list, (ACL) |
permission to enter, e.g., in ACL | Aathulveema, prevesha
ප්රවේශ peves Paalaka Laisthuva Ae thu l vee ma, p ra ve~ sha, pe ve s, p la ka, lae i, s, thu va   (e2s map) |
access-time control | e.g., access-time control to limit channel capacity | preve~sha kaalika paalanaya, preve~sha kaalika vaenala dhaaritha paalanaya |
Accuracy | the word is derived from Latin source words which mean "needle, sharpness", a sense still retained in French. We render the Singhalese as "thiunuva" "thiunuthaava" etc. This, the accuracy of the calculation is only up to four significant figures, would become, in sinhala, "meme gananayehi thiunutaava vaed(th)agath ilakkan hatharak pamani". "Niravadithva" could be used as a non-technical informal equivalent. | Thiunuthaava thi yu nu th va (e2s map) |
Action | In quantum physics ACTION is a dynamical quantity
similar to "work", evaluated as a
path integral connecting the initial and endpoint of the path.
Non-technicl meanings would include ක්රියාව, කාර්යය, කිරිය |
Sakriyataava sa k ri ya th va (e2s map) |
Active, (opposed to passive) | an active component is in use, or powered | Sakriya, සක්රිය (as opposed to akriya, inactive or passive) |
Active-Matrix | Active-matrix is a technology used in flat-panel and other displays. Matrix is a system made up of columns and rows. "kuluPe~liya" signifies the column (Kuluna)-row(Pe~liya) structure. The word න්යාසය does not adequately bring out its meaning. |
Sakriya kuluPe~liya සක්රිය කුලු ේපලිය |
Access, (Microsoft Access) | A database application for windows | MS-Access |
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li>An actual process is is something which corresponds to
data excternal to the computer.
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Ad hoc (e.g., Ad-hoc. Link) | Means (in Latin), done just for a specific purpose | "Ema Sandaha" Bandhaya (link) |
Address | This is where a file or signal is sent. This is similar to the "postal address". Bur instead of "Lipinaya", we prefer the word "lipiyomuva", the target (yomuva) of the information "packet" | Lipiyomuva, Lipinaya |
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Analog | "Analog" representation of data uses a continuum, as opposed to digital representation where discrete units (digits) are used. | Akanda, Akhanda |
Analog | "Analog", in the sense of being similar. | prathisama, prathisamaya, ප්රතිසම |
ADC | Analog- to-Digital conversion | Akandayen-ankithyata haeraveema |
ADF | Automatic Document Feeder, hardware | Svyang Lipi saepayaavakaya |
ADSL | Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. In sinhala "Sama-aethi means symmetrically placed. Thus a-samath stands for asymmetric. The word "Vaela" is used for"line. But other appropriate forms may be used. | Asamaethi Angkitha Daayaka Vaela අසමැති අංකිත දායක වැල |
Adware | software that is supported by advertisements are Adware, as seen on web browsers. | Velandaanga, Velanadakaaya |
Aeteology | e.g., disease of "unknown aetiology" | guptha heithuka rogaya |
AGP | Accelerated Graphics Port. This is a piece of hardware (graphics card expansion port that resides on the mother board AGP ports runs at 66MHz, unlike PICs which run at 33MHz. | Veegika Chtira Doratuva (Dvaaraya) වේගික චිත්ර දොරටුව |
AIFF | Audio Interchange File Format on Apple, is similar to WAVE files on Windows | Sravana-Huvamaaru Gonu-aakruthiya |
AIDF | Audio Interchange document Format | Sravana-Huvamaaru Lipi-aakruthiya |
AIX | Advanced Interactive Executive AIX allows the system administrator to divide memory, CPU, and disk access between various jobs. Unix and Linux systems. |
Pramukha antharkarreeya Vidhaayakaya |
Alert Box | This pops up on your screen when the computer is warning you etc. | San(j)ya kotuva සංඥා කොටුව |
Algebra | from the Arabic "Al-gebra" | Veeja ganithya වීජගනිතය |
Algorithm | a coded mathematical procedure or commands | Veejakaetiya වීජකැ ටිය |
Ambipolar, (opp of unipolar) | e.g., in "AMBIPOLAR conduction", both positive and negative charges in a conductor contributes to the current. | ubhaya-dhraevika, (e~ka draevika) (e2s map) |
API | Application-Program Interface An API is a set of commands, functions, and protocols which programmers can use when building software for a specific operating system |
Praayogika Vidhakaeti Athuru-muhuna |
Applet | This is a Java script that can go into a webpage, but it cannot access system resources. We use the work "Kaendaweema" as the root word for constructing the sinhala form for applet. | Kaendaveem-ketiya |
Application | It is a program resident on the computer, and "applied" to do jobs. They differ from system software in a general sense. | Praayogikaya,
ප්රායෝගිකය
Yeduma,vypruthaya |
Area | (i)The AREA specified in the textbox is only for typing in ASCII characters. (ii) square measure | (i)cheriya, චේරිය (ii)varaga pramaanaya |
Aerial, Antenna | This is a metallic structure or wire which sticks out and broadcasts or receives e-m radiation. The word is from the Latin "sailyard" which sticks out of a ship. "Guvan kambiya", and Aadrava have also been used. | Pitaskoora, පිටස්කූර ahaskoora, Adravaya ආද්රව |
Aerial | e.g., An aerial object was seen moving between clouds. | ahasgatha |
ARP | Address Resolution Protocol. This is used for mapping an IP address to a MAC address, enabling unique network identification. | Lipiyomu Vigraha Prathikaarakaya |
Array | Arrays are matrices, or more often vectors. We use the word Pe~liya (row) or Kuluna (column) as appropriate. For matrices we use the name "kulupe~liya". Panthiya, kulaya etc., used for 'set" can also be used. | Pe~liya, පේළිය Kuluna, කුලුණ |
Artificial intelligence AI | An important area of computer science, known as ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, is focused on building computers which do the operations that we attribute to human intelligence. In sinhala th word "kruthima" has been used to render the word "artificial". While that word is appropriate in materials science (e.g, for plastics as synthetic materials), we use the word "nispaaditha", or "nirmpitka" to give sense that this is an engineered product. | Nishpditha buddiya, nirmpitha buddiya නිර්මාපිත බුද්ධිය (e2s-map used) |
ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Coding is "san(g)ketum:, while decoding is "Heliketum", as explained under those words. | Aemerikaanu Sammmatha Sanketum Pravurthi Huvamaaruva, ඇස්කි |
ASCII character set | This is the standard key board in the utf-8 Unicode implementation | Aski san(g)ketha kulaya (panthiya, samo~haya),
ඇස්කි
සංකේත කුලය Aski charoopa kulaya, |
ATM | Asynchronous Transfer Mode. This is a networking technology where data is transfered in small packets or cells of a fixed (48 bytes for the data and 5 bytes for the address) cell size | Asamavita Huvamaaru madaya (ම්දය) |
Asymmetric | as in Asymmetric digital subscriber line ( ADSL), "a-sama-aethi" is compounded to make Asamaethi; or asammithika | asamaethi, අසමැති asammithika, අසමිමිතික |
Atom, atomic particle | The word ATOM has been literarily translated as "parammanuva" පරමාණුව in popular sinhala. We prefer to call it "aetoma", or aetomanuva when we need to emphasize an atom fragment | Aetoma, ඇටම Aetomanuva ඇටමාණුව |
Atto-, Atto-second (as) |
this is 10-18 seconds. | aeto-thathparaya |
Audio | e.g., audio file format | Sravana ශ්රවණ |
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e.g., automatic document feeder, auto-sorter etc. are typical uses of the word in IT |
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Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
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Set of reserve files, or earlier versions, kept aside for safety, in another computer on on other storage. The word "upastha" has been used and is derived from "secondary" or "upa" |
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band, bands | In radio transmission a "band" of frequencies is considered, and the spread of frequencies in the band is the bandwidth. In semi-conductor and solid state physics, energy bands are sets of continuum energy eigenstates which occur together, followed by bandgaps. We use "patiya" for band, rather than "patthaya පථය as "patthaya" implies a path. | Patiya, Pati |
bands narrowbands, widebands, (see also subbands, energybands)) |
describes the capacity for information transfer | pati, heeni-pati, mahatha-pati |
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The conduction band (which has negatively charged carriers) and the valance band (positively charged carriers) of a semiconductor are separated by an energygap called the bandgap. In si-MOSFETS this is around 1.1 eV. The word bandgap is also analogously applied to frequency separation in transmission bands. Note that energy E and frequency ν are connected by the quantum physics (plank law) law E=hν where h is the Plank constant. | pati hidaessa, පටි හිදැ ස්ස |
bandwidth | The bandwidth gives a measure of the capacity for data transfer over a channel or line. In radio transmission a "band" of frequencies is considered, and the spread of frequencies in the band is the bandwidth. In semi-conductor and solid state physics, energy bands are sets of continuum energy eigenstates which occur together, followed by bandgaps. We use "patiya" for band, and "mahatha" for "width" | Pati-mahatha |
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Baud | The "Baud" rate is the number of distinct symbol-change rate used in electronics and telecommunication. If the symobloms are 0 and1, then the Baud rate is the same as the number of bits per second (bps). Since this was named after the French scientist Emile Baud, it is the same in Sinhala | Baud |
Bcc | Blind Carbon Copy, a Bcc e-mail will not show the names of the receipent list | Andha lipi laeisthuva |
Beam | This word is used in many areas of engineering and physics. Atomic beams, molecular beams, beams of light can all be rendered into sinhala as "Dhara", with the appropriate adjective added on. Thus "atomic beams", i.e, a stream of atoms sent in a given direction, would be "aetomika dhara". | Dhara |
Beta Software | Software being tested out before release. | Bilindu murdhukaanga, Bilindu Murdhukaaya |
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biject | e.g, in mathematics, "bijection". See also projection | dvikara-shepanaya |
Binary | A representation using only 0 and 1. Thus the number 3 is represented as 11, and 5 is 101 | Dwithva, ද්විත්ව |
bilingual, multi-lingual | competence in two (or multiple) languages | Debassi, Bahubasi Dwi-dhasika, Bahu-Bashika |
BIOS | Basic Input-Output System of a computer | Moolika ayapaadanaya-avapaadanaya |
Bit | "Binary DigIT" shortened. Dwithawa-An(g)kaya | DwItha, ද්විත |
Bitmap | A bitmap is a map of dots, or bits (thus the name), that looks like a picture unless you look too close to the screen | DWIthA roopaya |
Bitrate | This is the number of bits per second (bps) transmitted | DWIthA Veegaya ද්විත වගය |
Blob | Binary Large Object, a type of binary storage type | Maha DWIthA Vasthuva |
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Blog | Blog is short for Web-log. Web is rendered as "Jaalaya in Sinhala. Keeping a log is to maintain a "lipiyas" or write up | Jaalvaarthaava, Daelvatha |
Blogging, Blogger | derived from above Web-Log. See under weblog. | Jaalanaya, Jaaliyanna |
Blog sphere | the world of blogging | Jaa-lekha-golaya |
Blu-ray | Optical disc using blue-laser read out, useful for High Definition data and large amounts of data | Nil raesa |
Bluetooth | It is a wireless communication technology using 2.4 GHz frequency enabling a close proximity network between, say, cellphone, computer and video camera. | Nil Datha |
Bookmark | Marks the url address of a webpage, and stores it in "favorites"(explorer) or as "bookmarks" in Firefox | Poth Lakuna |
Boolean Boolean logic |
This is the logic language, containing four elements,AND, NOT, OR, and XOR, used in writing algorithms and logic circuits. This is named after the mathematician George Boole, and hence we use the adjective derived from the name Boole | Boolaka Boolak Tharkanaya, Boolaka Nyaya |
Boot the computer | This is to turn the computer on and initiate the start-up instructions from the computers read-only-memory (ROM) etc. | Pariganakaya PUBUDANAYA |
Boot Disk | The most common boot disk is an internal hard drive, which is use to start up from. The operating system installed on the hard drive is loaded during the boot up. | Pubudu Thaetiya |
Boot Sequence | This is the sequence of events occurring when the computer starts up. First the basic input-output system (BIOS), then the CPU loads them to the RAM and the operating system is picked up from the boot disk | Pubudu kriyapela |
Bot | Probably a short-form for Ro-bot "spider" engine which does web-searching, greet people when they enter chat rooms, collect HTML documents and link them crawling around like "spiders" | Botuva, බොටුවා |
Bounce an e-mail | The whole message received by you is resent to someone else, without explicit transmission of the "bouncers"(you) details. e-mail is "Vidyuth-panivuda, written as "Vee-panivuda" or "V-thaepal", "v-lipiya" etc. | Vee-lipiyak Punaa-paenneema |
Box | as in dialogue box (debas kotuva), alert box | Kotuva, |
bps, bps number, BPS | bits per second | Thathparayata DWIthA ganana |
Broadband | high bandwidth communication, and uses a wide range of frequencies. When only a narrow band is available, one can only send simple messages, like Morse code. | mahatha-pati, Pulul-pati |
Browser | This is a software utility available on the computer to display and interact with text, images, video etc. The Firefox, Internet explorer, and Opera are common browsers. | Pradarsakaya |
Bullet | Bullets are used in highlighting the start of a sentence in lists. Please do not use the very ugly "Bulataya" | Thilakaya, Pottuva |
Bug, Bugs | The inadvertent errors in a computer program (code) are called "bugs". In sinhala we call them "Gullo", and "debugging" is "gullo gaelaveema". | Gulla, Gullo |
Buffer | This is a short-term storage, in a random access memory (RAM). We use the word Gaeba (from Garbhaya) in sinhala for memory. 'Athuru-ageba" signifies the transient nature of this memory. | Athuru-gaeba |
Bus, frontside bus, expansion buses | These are sets of wires inside a computer that allow data to be passed back and forth. The front side bus connects the CPU to the rest of the components. The sinhala "Baessuma" implies that the currents are sent down (bassnava) the "Bus". | Baessuma |
Byte, information byte | Usually this is eight "bits", while a "bit" is a binary digit (0 or 1). The eight-bit byte is called an "Octet" to be precise. But it need not be an octet, and the byte is the basic unit of information for the given computer system. It is the information unit, made up by "binding together" a set of bits. So we use the sinhala form "bad(th)witha", that is a "badhdha" set of bits (dwitha) | Bad(h)vitha බද්විත, Pravurthi bad(h)vitha |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
C, C++ | These are programming languages which evolved from earlier, ALGOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL and other languages, and used mostly on UNIX machine. Now they are used for most platforms. No translation is needed. | C, C++ |
Cable modem | Cables are heavy duty carrier wires, and modem is a shortening of modulator-demodulator. See discussion under "modem" | Ke~ble muhuyathnaya, කේබල් මුහුයත්නය ke~bal modama |
calculation | e.g., as in, the accuracy of the calculation is only up to four significant figures. This would become, in sinhala, "meme gananayehi thiunutaava vaed(th)agath ilakkan hatharak pamani". | gananaya |
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Cartridge | "The ink CARTRIDGE on printers contain noxious chemicals". The sinhala word is made up of "randuva", or "holder", and "Kalamana" or "Kadamana", i.e., things needed for the job. | KaDara ngdu va කඩරඳුව |
Cascade | e.g., Cascading style sheet used in webpage design. The sinhala word is made up of Vaeteema (Vaetum, fall) and Kadeema (kada, break) | Vaetum Kada |
Cashe | Ce.g.,Cashe memory, This is a memory that the computer looks up to see if it has already "hidden away" the information, perhaps from aa previous execution. French "caché " means hidden. See disc. under memory. | Rahas DaeGaeba (දෑ ගැබ) |
Cat States | "Cat states" are a name derived from "schrodinger's Cat Paradox". A system can be in a prepared in a mode (eigenstate) A or B, represented by 0 or 1, say. Quantum theory allows the existence of all superpositions of A and B. See the write up under Schrodinger's Cat, eigenstates, mode. As explained under "eigenstates", we use the sinhala term "yathathvaya" for eigenstate. | kayita yathathva |
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The principle of cause and effect or determinism. Micro-causality involves causality at a micorscopic level and not just in an average sense. See uncertainty principle. |
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CCD | short for "Charge Coupled Device". This is an array of phtocells which get charged when an light (an image) falls on it, and creates optical images. Extensively used in digital cameras nowadays, and originally designed for astrophysical applications. | Aaropana-sambanditha- Upaakramikaya" ro~ pa na,-sa m ba n di tha,- u pa k ra ma ya, (e2s map) |
CD | Compact Disc. The CD's are compact in the sense that they provide dense storage of digitized information, to be read via a laser reader. Thus we use the sinhala term ""san-ghana" | sanghana thaetiya |
channel | The source and the drain in a transistor is connected by a channel formed in the Si-SiO2 interface. | Aela |
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Chart | The CHART may be a table, a Pie-chart, a histogram etc" | Prasthaaraya, pasura |
Chemical vapour Deposition CVD | In addition to MBE, chemical vapour deposition CVD is used for controlled growth of nanomaterials. See also Etching. | Rasaayanika vaashpa adhi-paththanaya ra s ya ni ka, v sh pa, adipaththanaya(e2s map) |
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chronic | as in "Chronic kidney disease" chiraapath vakugadu roegaya. | chiraapath |
Circuit | e.g., circuit-switched network (CSN). We use the word "Pathaya" as our stem word, and "san(g)" introduces the sense of completing a circle. Note that the English "path",and "Pedi", etc are all related to the same stem. Often the letter "P" gets replaced by "V" in language evolution, and "vedhi, veedi" are also related to the same stem. The sinhala word "paripathaya" is also sometimes used, and the exact implication of the suffix "pari" is not clear. Perhpas it is like in "paripoorna", and implies some superior quality. | paripatthaya, (e2s map) san(g)patthaya, සංපථය |
CDMA | This is an acronym for "Code Division Multiple Access". This is a digital wireless transmission technology used in cell-phone communication etc. | ketum-bedeem Bahu-pevesa |
Charge | e.g., negative and positive charges, e.g., charge-coupled devices. | Aaropanaya |
Chip | A chip is a small-piece of semiconductor (e.g., Si) on which an integrated circuit (IC) is etched or embedded. VLSI enables one to assemble millions of components (transistors etc) on a chip which may be one 1/4-inch square.WE use the sinhala word "Peththa" for a chip, and "Pathi" in the plural. | Peththa |
class, group, set | as in character set, i.e., (san(g)ketha panthiya, or non-Abelian group | samoohaya, panthiya, kulaya, raashiya |
classical physics, | as in: classical physics, classical mechanics. the translation "sambhaavee", "sambhaavya" etc., suggest "respectable", and is, in our view not suitable. "prathamavargeeya", or "klaasica" may also be used. | chiraagatha bhauthikaya, chiraagatha yaanthranaya, chitaagatha yaanthrikaya |
Clean room | This is a highly purified room or laboratory, similar to a hospital operating theater in some sense, but even more highly controlled, and used for micro-fabrication of computer components | Shuddaa-gaaraya |
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"click on the second box on the menu" would be: Menuve deveni kotuve kiLanna" |
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Clone cloning |
Borrowed from biology, and means an identical copy of the original.Examples: (1)a computer made by a party other than the parent company, such as PC clones or Macintosh clones. (2)copy of a code or a data base. Its is derived from the Greek work κλών meaning "branch". But translation with that sense would not convey the modern meaning that we have some sort of "identical copy". We have adopted a modification of the sinhala word for "twin", Nivun. e.g., exact clone would be rendered as: "niyama nivuna". The works "prathiroopanaya", or "klona" may also be use, as in many Indian languages. | Nivuna, klona nivinkaranaya, klonakranaya |
Cluster | This could mean a number of sectors of the hard-disc grouped together. Or, it could be a cluster of CPUs all operating together to form a type of supercomputer (c.f., high-performance grid computing).We use the sinhala word "pokura", "pokuru" etc., for these cases | Pokura |
CMOS | Short for Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. Here a p-type MOSFET is complemented with an n-type MOSFET. A MOSFET is short for "metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistor(FET). The CMOS part can be used as memory without transistor action. See MOSFET, Transistor etc for their sinhala forms. | Anupooraka Looha-oxide ardha-san(g)nayanakaya. |
Code | this has the same meaning as program, and is a a set of instructions to a computer. This word has also been rendered as "Kootha" or "Ko~tha". | ketuma,
Viddha-ketuma, Kootha, කෝත |
coefficient | e.g., the coefficient of expamsion, i.e., prasaarana sangunakaya | sangunakaya |
Coherence, e.g., in quantum coherance de-coherence |
two waves are in "coherence" if they maintain their phase relations over a given period of time. Entanglement in QM is destroyed be de-coherence. If "phase" is translated as "sthithiya", then coherence can be translated as "samsthithiya". If "kalaava" or "sangathiya" is used for phase, we use "samkalaava" or susangathiya for coherence | samsthithiya,
samkalaava, susangathiya asamsthitiya, asamkalaava, asangathiya |
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Commutator anti-commutator commutation relations |
two operations do not commute if the order of operations matter. For example, putting a sock before putting the shoe has different effect from putting the shoe before the sock. The two operations do NOT commute. In quantum mechanics, operations are represented by mathematical operators like differentiation (d/dx) convolution etc; even the operation of finding an object at the location x is represented by the operator x. Given any arbitrary state (represented by some mathematical function f(x), the actions x d/dx f(x), i.e., d/dx acting on f(x) first gives a different result from d/x x acting on f(x). The difference, indicated by [x, d/dx]f(x) = [x d/dx-d/dx x]f(x) is known as the commutator of the two operators. If the plus sign is used, i.e., [x d/dx + d/dx x] f(x) is called the anti-commutator. the non-commutation of the momentum operator and the position operator is the source of the Heisenbeg uncertainty principles. | piri-pavasuva prati-pavasuva pari-pavasu sambandhathaa |
Commutator, electric |
a device used to reverse the direction of an electric current | dishaa-parivarthakaya |
Command prompt | When the computer is ready to accept commands (i.e, in a DOS shell or in a Unix or Linux environment), a symbol (e.g, a triangular arrow head) shows that the computer is ready to accept commands. This is not seen in "point-and-clik" usage of computers, as in windows and other menu-driven interfaces. | Vidhaana illuma Vi dd na, i l lu ma, (e2s map) |
Compact Flash (CF), CF-memory |
This is a type of "FLASH memory", more common in cameras, PDAs etc. | Sanghana kshanikaya, Sanghana kshanika Daegaeba (දෑ ගැබ) |
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Column | A matrix is made up of rows and COLUMNS of numbers, The word "Theera", or strips does not connote the orthogonality of rows and columns. | Kuluna |
Compile, compiler | In this process the COMPILER converts the instructions given in the code (program) written in a high-level language (e.g., C++ or Fortran) into machine language, linking libraries and other applications and utilities. This is analogous to a "translation", but also different. So we sue the word "San(g)varthanaya", analogous to "parivarthanaya" to denote "compile", compilation etc in sinhala | San(g)varthanaya, san(g)varthakaya |
Complementary | This is something which helps to complete or balances another part. Thus p-doped materials are COMPLEMENTARY to n-doped materials in a C-MOS structure. | Anupooraka |
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Conform | e.g, as in, to CONFORM to a protocol will use "pilipadeema", conform to a template may use "prihadeema as well. |
Pilipaedeema, Pirihadeema |
Conformation | e.g., as in " conformation of the dye molecules can be important for the optical response". The "protein folding" problem attempts to predict the protein conformation in its energy landscape. | Pirihadhiya,
පිරිහැදිය PILIHADIYA, පිලි හැදිය |
Configuration | e.g., as in "the device configuration is decided by the specific hardware and software to be used". | Parimukhaya, pilimuhuna |
Connection | e.g., as in Internet connection firewall (ICF) | Sambandhanaya |
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Context, contextual | e.g., as in contextual menu. The word applies more generally than to "text" material, and hence we have used a general "Aaashrika" stem. | Pariaashraya, pariaasarika parisikaya, parisrikaya (e2s map) |
contour | e.g., as in an integration contour, or a contour on a map or graphic connecting places of equal altitude. | san(g)vakraya |
Control Panel | This allows the user to modify the system settings, display, keyboard mouse settings etc. | Paalaka Thalaya |
Cookie, cookies | reference-file data sent to your computer by a webserver. Then, when you visit the site, the site will load certain pages according to the information obtained from the cookie. The sinhala word "Kokis" is already derived from "Cookies". | Kokis |
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CPU | This short for "Central Processing Unit", or the "processor". Here "central" means "central to everything, or "moolika". However, to remain consistent we use the form "Keendrika" for "central". | Keendrika kriyaa-varthaka aekkaya කේන්ද්රික ක්රියා වර්තක එ්කකය |
Cron | is short for "cron job", process mostly utilized on unix and Linux systems, based on a timing process. Thus it may send an e-mail once a week, or do backups on a set time. | Kron |
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Cursor | The cursor is usually linked to the mouse and indicates (with an arrow or some such pointer), the active point on your screen. For example, it is where the next character may be typed in. It is derived from the Latin word "runner", c.f., "courier" in French. We use the fact that the cursor is like a pointer, i.e., "dhaavana-thuda" or "daathuda" ito render its sinhala form. | ddthuDa, dthuDa, දාතුඩ |
Cyber | NOrbet Wiener and other pioneer scientists used the word Cybernetics (from the Greek Kybernets - steersman who controls and guides the boat) for the science of information control. The adjective "cyber" was simply taken and attached to all sorts of objects associated with the Internet, and today it is applied to any aspect of the "virtual world" that you can access via a computer. It is actually NOT a part of scientific scientific to attach cyber- to any word and use it. Only accepted scientific word is "cybernetics". For loose usage, we can conveneitly take over the same word into sinhala. | Cyber, sa yi ba r (e2s map) |
Cyber-world Cyber-space |
Loosely,the virtual world accessible via the net | Cyber-lokaya Cyber-kaashaya |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
damping | A signal, or energy flowing in a transmission line, or stored in a given state of a chip will degrade with time. This is called "damping", or attenuation. See write up under "spectral width" | dubalanaya |
damping factor | This is a measure of the rate of damping of an excitation or signal. Its inverse is the "lifetime" of the signal (actually, a half-life). This is rendered as "dubalanaya+an(g)kaya". If the energy of the state or mode is known it is the imaginary part of the complex energy. | dubalana(g)kaya |
Data | Data is that which is known, ie., "Daththa" sinhala also, that which is given, "Donee in Fr., and "Dun Dae" in Sinhala |
Daththa දත්ත, "Dae (දෑ)" |
Database | This is data or information stored in ana organized way. Because it is organized, we use the form "sa(g)-moolyaya for base. Compare also German. "Sammlung" or Zuzamenfassung. | Daththa san(g)moolaya, Dae-samuluva., දෑ සමුලුව |
Data memory | a storage for data (දෑ) | Daegaeba දෑගැබ Daththa-garbhaya |
Debug, debugging | Removing the bugs (errors) in a computer code is called debugging.
The sentence "This program has been debugged" may be translated to sinhala as Me vidha-kaetumé gullo galava aetha. |
gullo gaelaveema |
debugger | this a code-application which helps to debug programs | gulusodakaya |
Default | This is the value or state taken up by a setting in the computer if you do not specifically set it, or it is its previous pre-set value, or "factory setting". The specifically set value is the "niyama agaya" or "thath-niyaamaya", and the default is the "pera-niyaamya" | pera-niyama |
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DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration protocol. For example, a server running a network uses this procedure to dynamically assign IP addresses to other computers on the network.protocol. "Dynamic"is rendered here, for these processes as "gaameeya", while static processes would be "nigaameeya", The "server", modifies the configuration of the host machine dynamically. The host is rendered as "parigruhu", from the stem "gruhaya". | Gaameeya parigruhi san(g)vyuha Prathikaarakaya |
Decode, decoding | Decoding is the process of extracting a message which is in a signal but not directly readable as it is encoded. See code, coding, encoding, program, and algorithm for explanation of the choice of the word "aketuma" for coding in sinhala. "heli-kaetuma" is to reveal or "heli-kireema" | heli-kaetuma |
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e.g., The "definition" of a word or concept helps to demarcate it
so that everyone can be sure that they are discussing the same "thing".
In many subjects, including in mathematics, concepts are defined by
sets of rules that tell you how to use a concept or word. For example, "We define" numbers as anything that obeys the rules of arithmetic" → "(Api sankhyaavaka yanu a(g)nka ganithayehi neethi valata yatath vana oinaema raashiyak yayi nirvachana dhemu)". අපි සංඛ්යාවක් යනු අංක ගනිත යෙහි නීති වලට යටත් වන ඕනෑම රාශියක් යයි නිර්වචන දෙමු Aelian de Silva has suggested "divithaeruma". However, this has not come into common use. |
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demodulation | A carrier wave sent by wireless or via cable is modulated with the signal. This has to be extracted from the signal by a process called de-modulation, and is done by the "modem" (see write up). Demodulation restores the signal and we render it into sinhala as "yathaakaranaya" | yathaakaranaya |
Density Functional Theory (DFT) | This is the most successful first-principles quantum approach to materials simulations in nanotechnology, atomic physics etc, and in doing fully quantum calculations of macroscopic systems. | Ghanathva srithika Vaadaya ඝනත්ව ශ්රිතික වාදය |
deposition | e.g, deposition of Si on a SiO2 substrate. See also MBE, CVD | adhipaththanaya |
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If causality is rigorously valid, the future is perfectly predictable, and we have pure determinism. "niyaatha vadhaya sathYak nam anaagatahya niyamitha vee aetha". See "indeterminacy principle." |
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Device | This is any "gadget" (hardware) or "application"(software) which has been designed to execute a certain process to achieve an objective. A camera is a "photographic device". | Upaa-kramikaya, Upaangaya |
Dialogue | e.g., as in Dialog Box | San(g)vaada kotuva සංවාද කොටුව |
Directory | The file system is broken into directories., e.g., C-Dir | Koshaya කේෂය, C-Kos |
Digital | this a representation using numbers, i.e., in jumps, (digital clock) rather than a continuous way which is an "analogue" representation (clocks hand). | An(g)kitha |
Document | any component of a file. A file will be called a "gonuva", a directory is a "koshya" | Lipiya |
Diode | A device having two electrodes, e.g., used for rectification | Dvi-agraya |
double-click | e.g. apply a "double click" on the left menu, may be rendered as Debidi kilikayak vam menuvata yodanna. | Debidi kilikaya |
drain, | the carriers flowing into a devices from the source, exit by the terminal known as the DRAIN. See "source", or aavitha | niravitha |
Drive | e.g., as in tape drive. We use a sinhala form derived from "bramanaya". | bramaya |
Driver | This is a program that interacts with a device (e.g., a printer) via an application. It has been translated as "Dhavakaya", but this may not be too good. | bramakya, dhaavakaya,ධාවකය |
Dual, dual-time | e.g., dual-time Green functions, two-time Green functions, dual control, etc | Dthvithva, dvithva-kaalika Green sritha, dvi-kaalika Green srihta, dvipaalaka,dvyiDha |
Dynamic | active process, time evolving process | Gammeeya |
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Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
e2s map | A method of writing sinhala using the english keyboard. see details | "e2s-map" kiyanne sinhala vachana ingrisi yathuru puvaruva paavichchi kara liveemaya. Mehidee shabdayak dig kireema sandaha raeli-ira (~) sangke~thaya paavichchi karamu. |
Editor | e.g., as in "there are many types of EDITORs used in computer applications for editing text, graphics material etc". Notepad, Word, wordperfect etc., are well known, while VI and nedit are known to experts, and to Unix, Linux users. | Sangskaaraka, Saekasuva |
Effective- | The EFFECTIVE electric field inside a semiconductor is usually much smaller than in free space due to its high dielectric constant. | kriymika- |
Eigen | as in eigen-state, eigenfunction etc. The word is German, and means the "proper" object, what ever it is applied to. | "Yatha", yath |
Eigenstate | Any system exists in a variety of states. If there are two states, they are usually denoted by 0 and 1. However, their physical state is described in quantum physics by "eigenstates" or modes which have to be determined from quantum mechanics, by diagonalizing the system Hamiltonian. These "modes" are known as eigenstates. | yathathva, yathaatathva |
Eigenmodes | Same as eigenstates, but used more typically in discussing microwave modes, acoustic vibrational modes, or energy levels etc. | Yathpattha, yathmattam |
Eigenvalue, eigenvalues | This name comes from mathematics. In physics and IT applications the eigenvalues are the energies of the various states of the system, i.e, eigenenergies. | Yath-agaya, Yatha-agaya |
eject, ejection {see also projection etc] | e.g., the ink is ejected from inkjets under the command of the computer. The opposite of "ejection" is "injection". | pitu-se~panaya, pitu-prakshe~panaya |
Element | e.g., as used in "the diodes are introduced as elements in a display array". The word element has been rendered as "san(g)ghataka", in some glossaries and it may be used here. However, normally, the suffix "san(g)" indicates "complexifying", where as we need to render the sense that elements are simpler units. We recommend the simpler from moolanga | Moolanga Mo~langa (e2s map) |
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electronic-mail, Fr. "courier-electronic" shortened to couriel. In sinhala we use "Vidyuth-panipuda", "Vidyuth-lipi" etc., shortened to "V-lipi", "v-panivuda", "v-taepal" etc. as well as e-lipi. | vee-taepal", vee-lipi, වී-ලිපි, e-lipi, e-ලිපි | |
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"daththamoolka, anubhaavika, praayogika, praayogaasritha and prathyaksha
ප්රත්යක්ෂ
" are words
found in the
current literature.
We suggest the use "prathyaksha" (e.g., empirical knowldge → prathyaksha dhAneema
ප්රත්ත්යක්ෂ
දැනීම
or "dhaththYaksa" dhAnema, where the
"akshya" means an "eye" on "practice" (prathya) or on "data" (daththa). Non-empirical knowledge would then be "nathyaksha gnana", while "esoteric knowledge" would be "gupthakshya gnanaya". |
daththYaksha, දත්ත්යක්ෂ |
encode, encoding | this is the process of setting up a sequence of symbols, (which stand for data, commands etc.,) when writing a program, modulating a signal etc. The process may have to be retrieved by decoding. See our rendering of the word "code", program, "algorithm", "modem" etc., into sinhala to understand our selection of words here. Thus "decoding" is "heli-kaeteema" | san(g)-kaeteema |
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entanglement, entangled states | see Cat Paradox, cat states, EPR paradox. These are modes or eigenstates formed by superposition of several pure states. They are relevant to quantum computers and quantum mechanics. | Paetaleema, Paetaluna yathathva, patiloma yathathvaya පටිලෝම යතත්වය |
Enter | The sentence "this data should be ENTERED as hexadecimal numbers, may be rendered into sinhala s "Mema daththa shad-dashaka san(g)kya lesa aagatha kala yuthuya". | Aagatha gatha |
Error Correction Code (ECC) | the word "error" is used in, e.g., Error correction code. The state of a Parity bit, an extra binary value sent along with the data, is used to check if an error has occurred. WE use the word "Dosha", or "Dos" in this context. This is usually a hardware code. Error correcting codes are also theoretically important in realizing workable quantum computers | dos sodhana vidhaa-kaetiya, දොස් සෝදන විධා කැටිය |
Encapsulated | e.g., in Encapsulated Postscript (EPS). This is an image-file format which is an elaboration postscript. Postscript is the final data format accepted by printers. Thus "encapsulation" here implies that the postscript has been "boxed" to maintain its integrity in transferring files. | Aavarthika |
Equation | The name EQUATION is used in various text editors (e.g., Latex) to define an environment where complex mathematical equations are type in. | Sameekaranaya |
Ethernet | This is used in local-area networks (LAN). Ethernet connectors are like phone jacks (bit bigger), and connects to your computer and to the wall outlet carrying the LAN. This is trademark name. | Eethenet ඊතනෙටි |
Encryption | Encryption is a way of safeguarding information from unauthorized snoopers. Encryption is a process where a message is scrambled, and it has to be decoded with the correct "key" before it could be understood. We use the sinhala word "gupta" as the stem for this word. | Gupthanaya, gupthakaranaya |
Epitaxy | Atomically controlled customized materials can be grown using Molecular Beam EPITAXY methods. Note Sheevaraya, Cheevaraya or Seevaraya is layer.Epitaxy is a method of layer-growth of materials. | Upa-paththanaya |
Etching | In ETCHING an epilayer using chemical vapour, masks are used to obtain a controlled ETCH | Vikhaadanaya |
Eukaryotes, eucaryotes | Since 1957, biology, Greek Eu + karyon means Good + kernal, compares with Sanskrit Su +karkatak and we use the Sinhala form Sookarka. e.g., "Eukaryotic cells are single-cell organisms continuing a nucleus", is put in to Sinhala as " Sookark ko~sha yanu nyastiyak aethi e~ka ko~shika jeveen ya.(see prokarote = praakarka | Sookarka, |
Exabibyte | The exbibite is a short for exa-binary-byte and is exactly 260 = 10246 bytes. | exa-dvi-Bad(h)vitha |
Exabyte, Exabibyte | this is one billion-billon (quadrillion) bytes, or more exactly, 264 byte. That is roughly a billion giga- bytes. The exbibite is a short for exa-binary-byte and is exactly 260 bytes. | exa-Bad(h)vitha, එක්ස බද්විත |
executive, executable | these are command files or processes which can make the computer do things. see AIX | Vidhaayakaya, Vidhaayaka |
expectation value | most likely value, probable value, In quantum mechanics, expectation value of an operator O(x) is denoted by <(x)>, and refers to the mean value of the operation taken over many experimental realizations over the field x. In the formal definition, the bra-ket <...> implies over a suitable density matrix. The expectation value is the probable measured value of the operator evaluated at x | apeikshita agaya, sambahvya agaya |
Extranet | e.g., One may have an intranet, and an extranet hovering over a set selected users and linking to the internet. The internet is public, the intranet is usually limited to a site and a set of privileged users, while the extranet may connect several select sets of users. | baahira daela |
Export, close | In an IT application, (esp. with Abode) "export" is to close or "save" a file in a format different to the format natural to that application. Thus "exporting" is really reformatting the file. Similarly, before the import, the user had to "open" or import to another format. In WORD, GIMP and many such utilities "exporting" or "importing" is done by simply specifying the file extension desired. | Prathiyaatha, Niryaatha Niryaathanaya, Parathiyaathanaya |
extension, (noun) | see, file extension. here only the name is extended, as as add on. | dheergkaya |
extension | This is a true extension to the body of the file. | dheerganaya |
extendable, extensible | as in XML, "extendable markup language". Here it is the "ability" to be extended, that is being discussed. Hence "dheergika", "dheergana" etc are incorrect. It could be "dheergakaamee" or "dheergabandu", "dheera-gochara" etc. | Digkaemi, දික්කැමි දික්බඳු |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Fast | e.g., as in Fast packet technology | Pravega, ප්රවේග |
Feeder | e.g., document feeder, supplier, sinhala word based on "saepayeema" | saepayaavakaya |
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Femto, femto-second (fs) | this is 10-15 seconds. | femto-tathparaya, femto-paraya |
figures | as occurring in the phrase: the accuracy of the calculation is only up to four significant figures, would become, in sinhala, "meme gananayehi thiunutaava vaed(th)agath ilakkan hatharak pamani". | ilakkan |
File | tis is a collection of documents. | gonuva |
file extension | e.g., a file name may be of the form file.doc, file.txt, file.tex, file.ppt, file.jpg, file.html, file.xml, file.kmz etc. | gonu deehgakaya |
Firewall | This is a computer code (application) which protects a computer or network from outside users who may be hackers, or sending files contaminated with viruses etc. | Gini Vaetiya |
Fixed point | e.g., fixed point arithmetic. Here the decimal point is held fixed by the computer, and the precision of the calculation is not related to a given number of significant digits. | Achala-thith |
Flash | e.g., a "flash of light" on a fluorescent screen is "aaloka flaishayak" | flayishaya ෆ්ලයිෂය |
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floating point | e.g., floating-point arithmetic. Here the decimal point is moved (floated) to retain the same number of significant figures. | chalana-tith |
FLOP | floating-point operations/sec. A floating-point operation (i.e, e.g., moving the decimal point) per second is measure of a computers CPU speed for non-integer operations. | tathparayata chalana-tith-karyya ganana |
folding | e.g.,
the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate
three-dimensional shapes in its in vivo or a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock the act of folding. "Akileema" is not quite what is needed here. |
vaalanya, sammijjanaya |
Format | e.g., document format. The form "haeda gaenuma" means, to "take shape" and is not recommended. | Aakruthiya, e.g., Lipi-aakruthiya |
font | e.g., letter fonts | pand(h)a,පන්ද Plural. pandu,පඳු e.g., Akshara pand(h)a, haedathala |
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free here means unrestricted
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function | In mathematics a FUNCTION relates (maps) the variation in a set of variables to the value of the dependent variable. | Srithaya |
function | In C and other programming languages, FUNCTION is a procedure called into the code by the compiler, and is really a "function call", possibly to a mathematical function. In hardware there are actual physical FUNCTIONS performed by various utilities like printers. | kiriyāvidhi |
Functional | e.g., In Density Functional theory (DFT), it is shown that the physics of a quantum system can be expressed entirely as a FUNCTIONAL of the one-particle ground state density. A "functional" is roughly a function of a class of functions, and may be called a shrithkayak, shrithaa-shritiyak | Shrithikaya, Srithaasrithaya |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
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Giga, Gigaabyte GB | see also terabyte, mega etc., this is 230 which is effectively, 109. | Giga-badh-dwithaya |
grand unified theory | Theory of everything, or the single theory that replaces quantum mechanics and relativity. It is shortened to "GUT". unfortunately, "theory of everything" has been mistranslated as "podhu matha vaaadaya" where as it should be "sarava-vasthu vaadhaya" or something equivalent' to assert its over-encompassing character. "podhu" is not "common" or "all", but refer to some common denominator. | sarva aekeekruth vaadhaya |
Graphics | as in graphics portal | Chitra, චිත්ර |
grid | a grid, used in graphics, is made by drawing lines vertically and horizontally (or at selected angles) to form a Kris-cross pattern. We use "kotu-daela", as well as the less general rool-daela i.e., a net of lines, for "grid". Rooldaela is mostly for 2D-graphics applications and means "line-grid". | kotudaela කොටු-දැල rooldaela රුල්දැල |
GUT | Theory of everything, or the single theory that replaces quantum mechanics and relativity. It is shortened to "GUT" | sarva aeheekruth vaadhaya |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
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Hardware | hardware is the name given to the physical electronic and mechanical parts of a computer, and distinguishes it from software which defines the stored information and how that is processed etc. | Drudaaanga, Daedia(n)ga |
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heterostructure | A semiconductor device whose behaviour depends on the existence of two or more different layers of materials is known as a hetero-structure. Thus GaAs and AlAs layers are used in some heterostructures. | visama-aakruthiya |
Hexadecimal | e.g., The Unicode chart gives the HEXADECIMAL values of the alphabet symbols. | Shad-dashaka |
Host | A "host" is any computer which can access other computers, and hosts a website webserver. A host can also be the firm or company which provides the device ie.e., hosting | parigruhi |
hyperlink | A HYPERLINK in a text enables the reader to go to another document by a mere click of the mouse. | Adhi-bandhaya, adhi-aaenduma |
Hypertext | see below | adhi-likhithya |
Hyper Text Markup Language HTML | This is the text language used to write web pages etc. It is called hypertext as it enables the text to embed links to other sites on the internet, and it contains "markup" tags which deal with the special links etc. | Adhi-likhitha san(g)lakshitha baashaava Ad(h)ilikitha saelsum-yuth basa අධි-ලිඛිත සැලැසුමි යුත් බස |
Hypothesis | a proposed "partially developed" idea which seems attractive but requires further support before becoming a mainstream theory. | maanyaya, manaskalpaya, hithaluva |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
ID | Identity | Anyonyathava, svyangthaava, svaakaaraya |
ID management | In computer systems, ID management involves software for password issuing, reset, verification, login protocol etc. | Anyonyatha kalamanaava |
Idiom | An "idiom" is a written or spoken specific "usage", adapted for that
culture and language.
Pandit A. M. Gunawardena (Comprehensive Grammar of the Sinhalese Language, published in 1891 by G. J. A. Skeen, Cey. Govt. Printer, and reprinted 1999 by Asia Educational Services, Delhi) gave the term "Bhashaa reethiya" in section 353 of his book as the Sinhala equivalant of "Idiom". Terms like WAK VIPRALAPA or WACHANAYEN KARANA VIPRALAPAYA are found in some dictionaries, and are, in out view, very unsatisfactory. |
Huru Vaekiya, Huru Vadhan, Huru Yedum හුරු වැකිය, හුරු වදන් හුරු යෙදුම් |
Idiosyncratic | special characteristics indicative of a person's, or organism's strong sense of identity or wish to impose himself/herself. "thadhaathmaka", i.e., strong "aathma". | thadhaathmaka, තදාත්මක |
Import, open | In an IT application, (esp. with Abode) "import" is to open a file in a format different to the format natural to that application. Thus "importing" is really reformatting the file. Similarly, after the import, the user can "save" or "close" the file and "export" to another format. In word, gimp and many such utilities "exporting" or "importing" is done by simply specifying the file extension desired. | Aayaatha, aayaathanaya |
Information | information is conveyed in coded form, and processed by computers, brains (biological computer) etc. Information consists of ordered sequences of numbers, while no-information (noise, entropy) is made up of disordered sets of numbers. We use the normal sinhala word "pravurthi" while keeping in mind that the meaning in science and information technology is very precise, measurable and capable of quantitative definitions. See also entries under byte, bit | pravurthi |
injection [see also projection, ejection] | e.g, as in "an injection ID chip", also called an "injectable ID chip", see below. This is a bio-chip transponder that can be injected into an animal for identification. The world i.e., "aethula" is used to indicated projection inwards in the suffix "Aaa". | Aa-kshepanaya, Aasepanaya |
injectable ID chip | see entry under "injection" | Aa-saepiya-haeki anyonyatha peththa, Aa-kshepana-sheela anyonyatha peththa |
Inkjet printers | see discussion under jet | thudu-naalaka mudrnaanga |
Insert | one may INSERT txt into an image. "Aethul kereema" would be colloquially goo enough. | Aaasiddha kereema, Aaasiddhanaya |
Insulator | Opposite of a conductor. materials which keep charges localized. Rubber is a good insulator. "Asangnyaka" is non-conductor. To specifically say "insulator", we prefer "nisnadhikaya" | Asangnyakaya, nisnadhikaya A sa ng n ya ka ya, ni sa ng ddi ka ya, (e2s map) |
Interactive | e.g., as in advanced interactive executable (AIX) | antharkareeya A n tha ra k ree ya, (e2s map) |
interface | e.g., application-program interface (API) | Athurumuhuna, (antharmukha) |
Internet | The internet was created in 1969 partly by military computer scientists, within the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), and was known as the arpnet. IBM developed the BITNET. Today it is a public utility and has grown now into a massive network of computers and interconnections, using public telecommunication networks. Its technical power is associated with the use transmission protocols (TCP/IP) which are described in this glossary under those words. The world wide web is a part of the internet and not to be equated with the internet itself. The sinhala word "athura", that is rope bridges which connect, e.g., coconut trees which are tapped, truly represents the concept of "connectivity" inherent in the internet. | Anthar-jaalaya, athuru-daela |
Internet Connection Firewall (ICF) | mostly on windows XP systems | Athuru-dael sambandhana giniwaetiya |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
jargon | e.g., as in computer jargon | Vippalaapa |
Jet | e.g., as in "Ink-jets are used in some printers. Ink-jet printers are cheaper than laser printers". A jet is usually a conical tube with a very thin orifice | thudu-nalaya (Noun) thudu-naalaka (adjective) |
Justification, justify | e.g., as in"the text has to be right justified for this presentation", would be Me paridaekkkuma sandaha likhithaya dakunata sanhituveema avashyayai | san(g)hituva, san(g)hitavanna |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Byte | Kilobyte KB, 1024 bytes, also kbyte, see also terabyte etc. | Kilo-bad(h)dwitha |
Knol, Google Knol | Knol, according to Google, is a "unit of knowledge". KNol is also an online encyclopedia similar to Wikipedia, but in development by Google and honouring authorship.. | G(n)anuva |
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the word "yathura", yathuru puvarava etc have got established in sinhala |
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keylogger, keystroke log | e.g., as in computer programs used in spyware. The keylogger records each keystroke and transmits them periodically to the remote spy. There is also hardware that can be fixed between the keyboard and the computer to store the key strokes. | yathuru-vaedum-vaarthaakaraya, yathuru-vaedum vaarthaava. |
Kilo, Kilobyte KB | see also terabyte, mega etc., this is 210 which is effectively, 103. | Kilo-badh-dwithaya |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
landscape | e.g., in "energy landscape" | paradhrushiya |
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The epitaxial LAYER in a naonostructure is generally under strain. See also "deposition" |
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Layout | The LAYOUT for the document is part of the formatting template. | Saelasuma, pasaarathiya |
Length scale, length scales micro scales, macro scales |
There are different length scales (energy scales, time scales) used in physics. e.g., "nano scale", micro-scale or macro-scale | dhugu maanaya, dhigu maana.
kshudra maana, maheisha maana, or paThula maana |
Line | e.g., in digital subscriber line (DSL) | Vaela, වැල |
Line grid | See discussion under "grid". | rooldaela රුල්දැල |
linear | e.g., linear relation exists between pressure and temperature of an ideal gas at constant volume. Other examples: "linear array", "linear function →: "reiKika shrithaya" | E~kaja, ඒකජ reiiKika, රේඛික |
Link | a data connection | Bandhaya |
LAN | Local area network, e.g., limited to an office complex. The word "che~ra" can also be used instead of "pradesha" | Sameepa pedēs daela, Sameepa pradesha jaalaya Sameepa pede~sa dae la, sameepa prade~sha jlaya (e2s map) |
Linuk | An operating system based on the Unix concept and introduced in 1991 by Linus Torvalds of Sweden. This is an example of the success of "open-source" systems. Torvalds used part of his name and the name "Unix" (යූනික්ස්) to make the word "Linux", pronounced by Torvals as "Linooks" (ලිනූක්ස් ). However, Americans pronounce it as "LinAx" (ලිනක්ස්), and there are others who pronounce it as "Lainax" (ලයිනක්ස්.). In Sri Lanka, University acdemics like V.K. Samaranayake used to say "Linooks", while business customers and those influenced by the US tend to say "LinAx". It has many advantages over Windows operating system, especially for scientific work, web hosting and code development. | ලිනූක්ස්
මෙහෙයුම්
පද්ධතිය Linooks meheyum Paddhathiya. |
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| Lipida, ලිපිඩ |
Liposome | Liposome, a word made up from the Grk. Lipo +some i.e.,'Oily+ body' refers to vesicles, i.e., bubbles containing a fatty outer layer and an inner watery region. 'Lipo' is related to the Sanskrit form "Plavo", or "Lavo. Thus we have reason to use the "lipo" form in sinhala with essentially the same meaning. | Liposomaya |
Localization | Localization of a free particle is determined by its de Broglie wavelength is written as "Nidaes anshuvaka sampattanaya ehi de Broglie tharanga aapthyen theeranaya vei". The word "pattana" is used in Skrt., Pali, to indicate a region of domiciliation. c.g., "patuna, pathana". | Sampaththanaya සම්පත්තනය |
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log | the log is, for example, the record of who logged in, who logged out etc. It could also be a record of all the keystrokes done by a person who has logged on. The "weblog" of the conversation while logged on is now used in another sense, shortened to "blog". | Prevesha-varthaava, Pavasivaliya |
Login | this is to initiate a session on a computer or a network, and this may require typing in a username and a password. | parveshaya, pivisuma |
Logout | signing off a computer or net work- samoo gaeneema. The word "nishkramanaya" has also been used, but is some what heavy. | pirisamoova, pinisamoova, Nishkramanaya pi ri sa mo~ va, pi ni sa mo~ va, ni sh k ra ma na ya (e2s map) |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Macro | e.g., as used in " a whole set of simple keyboard commands can be replaced by a macro which can be stored in the F-keys of the keyboard". But the word "macro" is also used in other senses, and the general is is that a "macro is a larger composite of simpler units. Note that "sookoothya" has also been suggested, specifically based on "koothe" for "code". | Mahakaaya |
Macro | e.g., as used in "macroscopic length scales", mahesha dhigumaana. macroscopic physics, mahesha bhauthikaya. |
Mahesha |
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markup | as in "hypertext markup language", HTML. The markups are the tags in HTML used for setting up links, embedding graphics etc. See hypertext, HTML, XML | San(g)laxshana, saelakum |
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memory | The memory in a computer is a storage place for data and commands which are also in digital form. see data memory. | daegaeba, දෑ ගැබ |
memory, cache | cache is from the French caché | daegaeba, rahas |
memory stick | e.g., IBM memory-stick for transferring info from the computer to the memory stick via a USB port | daegaeb koora දෑගැබ් කෝර |
memory card | used in video devices like cameras | daegaeb kolaya |
memory, virtual | e.g., a computer may dynamically adjust the memory available to a user by providing him a virtual memory allocation. | niman daegaeba |
menu | e.g., in "pull-down menu". This is usually a list of available applications that one may "click on" to activate. Sinhala already has borrowed words, "Laisthuva" from Lista (Portuguese), and "Vattoruva". The word menu has been borrowed into English from the French. The sinhala word "menna", which signifies "what is here", can indeed justify our using "menuva" for "menu" | Menuva |
Megabyte MB | That is, a million bytes, 220, or ~106 MB | mega-Bad(h)vitha, මෙග බද්විත |
Megaflop | A million FLOPs (floating-point operations/sec)., i.e., 106 FLPs. A floating-point operation (i.e, moving the decimal point) per second is measure of a computers CPU speed. | tathparayata chalana-tith-kaaryya megaya. |
Message | e.g., as in "text message:. | panivudaya |
messaging | e.g., "as in text messaging" | Paniveedanaya, පනිවේදනය |
Merge | PDF files can be MERGED using GSview freeware. | Ekgonuva, Ekgonu kereema, Ekkreema |
micro, micro-second (μ-s) | this is 10-6 seconds. | micro-tathparaya, mayikroparaya |
milli, e.g., milli-second (ms) | this is 10-3 seconds. A microsecond is one thousand of a milli-second, i.e., 10-6 sec. | mili-tathparaya, mili-paraya |
mode | e.g., as in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). However, mode is a general term referring to any eigenstates of a system obtained by diagonalizing a suitable dynamical matrix or Hamiltonian. In physics these are known as eigenstates or energy levels, or energy bands. In microwave and optical-fire transmission as well, the cavity dictates the modes, just as an organ pipe dictates the vibrational modes which gives the different pitch of the organ. So we use the words "mattama", related to "level", as well as"padhaya(පදය), and also madaya (ම්දය) related to "pitch" or acoustic modes, to render the word into sinhala. Eigenstate or Yath-thathvya is the quantum physics equivalent and is the most fundamental usage. All may be used interchangeably, or selected appropriately according to the context. |
yath-thathvaya mattama, pad(ha)ya පදය madaya ම්දය |
mode coupling | Two transmission modes ot wto signals, e.g., in a fiber optic, may couple due to interactions or leakages, and form a coupled mode. Tow vibrating pendula, if connected together to form coupled modes and describe Liassajo patterns. Hence mode-coupling is a very common phenomena in natural processes. | mattam bandhanaya, mada(h)a bandhanaya pad(h)a bandeema පද බැඳීම |
mode spectrum | This gives the spread in energy of the different modes, or eigenstates, or pitch of the dynamical system or opto-electronic system. See "spectrum" for a discussion | pad(ha)   dili-patiya පද  දිලිපටිය mattam dilipatiya, mad(h)a dilipatiya |
Mode Energy | If the frequency of a monochromatic mode is f, its energy is given by E=hf. | Mattam shakthiya, pad(h)a shakthiya |
Mode width | The energy of a mode becomes not sharply defined due to leakage and interactions. This the sharp "spectral line"(D(h)ili rekhava) becomes broadened, and the energy with (i.e, the line broadening) is in fact the mode width. This is NOT the bandwidth. The bandwidth the the spread in all the modes which form a continues band. | Mattam mahatha, pad(h)a pullula |
Mode attenuation | A signal traveling in a given mode of a fiber gets attenuated or weakened due to losses (mathematically, the energy acquires a complex character with a non-zero imaginary partE=E1+i*E2. The attenuation is the "damping" E2 | mattam dubalanaya |
Molecule | A molecule is a composite structure made up of atoms | Anuva, molekiulaya |
Molecular Beam epitaxy MBE | In MBE, layers of materials, of different chemical composition, are deposited atomic layer by atomic layer, giving the possibility of creating new types of crystals that do not exist in nature, and having exceptional purity, and with customized properties. | Molekiulika dhara upa-paththanaya |
Modem | Shortening of "modulator-demodulator", i.e, a device that modulates an analog signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the information. The broad-band internet connections to a service provider usually comes via a cable, or wireless, and is demodulated and given to the personal computer by the "cable modem" or the "wireless modem". Since modulation involves modifying the carrier wave, we use the sinhala words "muhukaranaya" (modulation) and "yathaakaranaya" (de-modulation) to make "muhuyathnaya" for Modem. The word "modama" could also be used, which is a straight adaptation from the English, without regard to the structure of the word. | muhuyathnaya |
modulator | see discussion under "modem". We use "muhukaranaya" which signifies the mixing of the signal with the carrier wave. See also demodulation. | muhukaranaya |
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Monitor | This is the display device which interfaces the computer to the user. It is an LCD screen or cathode-ray tube (television screen). As it is the face (MUHUNA) of the computer, and it is also an "eye"(AESA) to you, we render Monitor as Munaesa, a word which sounds similar to monitor | MUNAESA, මුනැස |
Mouse | This is the hand-held device for interacting with the cursor. Its name is derived from its appearance. Hence in sinhala it is Meeya. In French it si Souris etc . Please do NOT use "MOUSAYA". | Meeya |
Move a file | e.g., "move this file to the subdirectory" would be "Me gonuva upako~shayata adinna". The word "thanaya", or "danaya" is the source word for "aedeema", to "drag". There is no need to say "thanya karanna", although that too would be correct. | gonuvas thanaya |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Nanotechnology | Technology used in creating chips and other micro- and nano-dimensional components. | Naeno-thakshanaya, Nano-thekkanaya |
Nerd (derogatory usage) | A nerd is a person "obsessed" with technology and failing to have any sense of humour or appreciate other aspects of a problem | Tekkaya |
Nerd,(admiring usage) | A nerd is a very bright tech savvy genius who can survive without the usual comforts of life, and provide tech solutions to problems | Theksooraya |
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nickname | e.g., "In using a facility like Wikipedia one may use a nickname" | Hurunama |
number portability | This is a protocol which enables a mobile phone number portability that will allow subscribers to switch different networks while using the same number. The word "Portable" is derived via latin, from the sanskrit "parayaati", or para-yaathranaya", to move out". Words like Yathna, Yaema, yanawa etc in sinhala are derived or related to Yaathranaya. hence a valid technical usage is "parayaathnaya". The German "Fahren" comes from the first part (para) of "parayaati". | Angka suvahaneeyathaava, angka parayaathanaya. අංක සුවාහිනීයතාව, අංක පරයාතනය |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
object | e.g., as in object-oriented programming (OOP), see below | Vasthuva |
objective | e.g., as opposed to subjective, "samavithika" or hithAngi (සිතැංගි The word "samkaaranika", implies an evaluation of a conciliation ("sam") of "rationa" (kaaranika) inputs. This will be used in opposition to "samveidika" (subjective) implying an evaluation based on a conciliation of one's feelings (veidanaa). | Vasthuvithika, dathAngi, දත්තැංගි samkaaranika,සංකාරනික |
object-oriented programming | This is a programming language organized around "objects" rather than 'data" and "actions". For example, a Fortran or Pascal code inputs data, processes them and outputs results. In object oriented programming the programmer identifies the objects he has to manipulates and the program handles the communications between the objects. | Vasthu-yomuka vidha-kateema |
Occam's razor, Ockham's razor | e.g., this is a concept ascribed to the medieval logician Occam who argued that all extraneous, that is redundant elements and assumptions must be removed (cut off with the razor!) | Occamge kaduva |
Octet | e.g., as in most computes, each byte is an octet of bits. | Ashtakaya, Atakaya |
Offline | e.g., one may work "offline" on various files without having the internet connection activated. | Vaela-asambitha, nobaenduna |
On-line | e.g., connected to the internet or to a network | Vaela-sambitha, sabaenduna |
Open (verb) | The file extension defines the application to OPEN the file. Similarly, "close" would be "Vahana" | Arina, Aavikarana |
Open-source | This refers to any program whose source code is made freely available. Also, OPEN-SOURCE is a certified scheme under the name "open-source initiative (OSI). | Vivurtha-mukthaya, Vivurtha moolaya. |
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Option | When a pull-down menu is opened, the available OPTIONS may be seen." | ruchivara |
Organism | e.g.,Bacteria are uni-cellular organisms. Here "organisms" is best rendered as "jeeveen", or possibly "san(g)jeeveen". However, in a sentence like A cluster of inter-acting computers may be regarded as an 'organism' , the translation may be more appropriately be "sanjeevayaa", but we do not recommend "jeevyaa". | Jeevayaa. sanjeevayaa |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
packet | e.g., as in "fast packet technology". When any file, ex. an e-mail message or webpage (HTML file etc) is sent on the internet, the transmission protocol (TCP/IP) divides the file into little chunks (packets) which can be optimally routed. Each packet has its number, address destination etc. and may travel in different routes, but get assembled at destination. This transmission technology is different from "circuit-switched" technology (e.g., voice telephone) where packets are not used. The word "paekat" is well recognized in sinhala and can be used here. | Paekat |
paradigm | A paradigm is a model that sustains a system of thought, literary or cultural activity or action. For instance, Greek plays provided a paradigm for subsequent classical dramatists. Newton's physics provided a paradigm for subsequent theories in physics etc. The word in Sinhala closest to the proto-Indo-european root is "paridharsiya". However, we note that some writers use "susamadhrashaya", "susamaadhrashiya". | paripreikshya,paridharshiya |
Paradox | e.g., as in the Zeno's paradox, or the EPR paradox. The latter is a "paradox" named after the three scientists Einstein, Podoslky and Rosen, who in 1935 tried to claim that the entanglement of two particles, as required by the quantum theory, leads to contradictions. In fact, EPR were at fault and there is no paradox within the quantum theory. A paradox is a line of reasoning which seems to lead to an untenable position from what ever end you approach it. The word "Ubhathokotika Prasna" had been used in the past for this type of problems. We use "patiloma vaaachaya" and also "Paetliprashna". Alternatively, the word "virodha-baashithaya" is used, e.g., in Sanskirt and Hindi. | Patiloma vaachaya, paetali-paena, virodhabhaashithaya |
Page setup | The PAGE SETUP is determined by the formatting. Since "sakaesuma" has been used in the sense of "editor< Editing" etc., it is not recommended here, except in a colloquial sense. | Pitu pathanaya |
Passive | e.g., a passive component | Akriya |
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the some total of characteristic that define a person, or an organism. "ThAnaththaa".
e.g., ohugei thadhaathmaka thAnaththunYaya ohugei sa\nveidhee theeranavalin pilibiBu vei (his idiosyncratic personality is reflected in his subjective decisions): ඔහුගේ තදාත්මක තැනත්තුන්යය ඔහුගේ සංවේදී තීරනවලින් පිලිබිඹු වÝ |
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Peta, Petabyte PB | see also terabyte, mega etc., this is 250 which is effectively, 1015. | Peta-badh-dwithaya |
Phase | The phase of a wave (e.g., that of the wavefunction), is of great importance in quantum phenomena. It may be translated as "Sthithiya", kalaava, or "thaalaya" or "sangathiya" in the sense of being "in tune" as required in being coherent. | Sthithiya sangathiya |
platter | e.g., in the usage "each hard disc consists of several discs called platters. In each platter, the data is physically placed in concentric circles called tracks". | thaetiya |
Port, portal | e.g., as in Graphics port | DoraTuva, දොරටුව |
Portal | e.g., as in community portal. This would be "prajana dorakada" | Dorakada |
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Power-point presentation PPP, (ppt file-extension) | this is a Microsoft application widely used for seminar presentations as well as as a file extension type. "power-point" means that the "point" is made with a forceful argument used ppt. This need not be translated, but we have give a sinhala form which also abbreviates to PPP. | Prabala-Penneem paridaekkuma |
presentation | e.g., "this material is best explained using a power-point presentation". | paridaekkkuma |
print, print-out (noun) | e.g., as in, "find an original print of the letter", may be rendered as "lipiye mul mudrayak soyanna". | mudraya, muddaraya, kopiya |
precision | The precision of a computer calculation is different from its "accuracy". The precision depends on the length of the register (word representation) specified in the code. Thus, "single-precision" calculations use a 16-bit register, "double-precision" calculations use a 32-bit register and have a precision up to 232 which is about 1 part in a thousand million. However, if the input data is only good to four significant digits, the "accuracy" of the calculation is 1 part in a ten thousand. | nishthithathaava නිෂ්චිතතාව prasudhiya, pasu(n)d(th)athaava |
printer (noun) | e.g., as in Laser printer, line printer, ink-jet printer etc. The root word we use here are found in Pali (mudda) and Sanskrit (Mudra). | Mudraana yanthraya, mudranangaya, muddaraa(n)ga මුද්දරාඟ |
printer (adjective) | e.g., printer software | mudrana mudrakangaya, muddara muduka(n)ga |
Probability, probable value | also mean value, "expectation value" especially in quantum mechanics. probability is the likelihood of some even occurring, and is always a number between 0 and 1, but often given as a percentage. The probability of a "random (nirudhYaasa)" occurrence is 0.50 | sambhaavithaava, sambhaavithaa agaya, apeikshitha agaya |
Process | This implies a concatenated, transformative series of actions, usually specified by a code, being executed. The sinhala word "varthanaya" conveys this dynamic transformative character to the "kriya", or actions. | Kriyavarthaya |
Processor | This is the agent which executes the process, e.g., the CPU of a computer. | Kriyavarthakaya |
project [See also biject, eject, inject, reject ] | as in dynamics, to project an object in its orbit. | Prakshepanaya, parisepanaya |
project | an estimate of, say expenses, for the future, based on present knowledge., i.e., to extrapolate. | parideerganaya, paridiguma, Prakshepanaya, parisepanaya. |
Project | a plan of work that is being carried out or proposed. | Prakshipthaya, parimuna |
program | A program is a concatenation of commands, written in a suitable algorithmic language. commands are "vidhaana" in our Sinhalese usage, and the concatenated structure is designated as "kaetuma". Thus a program is "Vidhakaetuma". We see some sinhala usage of "kramalekhyya". Usually, "krama" is "method", while a program is definitely a systematic of commands, i.e., not just a list. | Vidhakaetuma |
prokaryote, procaryote | since 1957, in biology, Greek proto + karyon means early + kernal, compares with Sanskrit prag +karkatak and we use the Sinhala form Praakarka. e.g., "Prokaryotic cells are single-cell organisms without a nucleus" is put in to Sinhala as " praakarka ko~sha yanu nyastiyak naethi e~ka ko~shika jeeveen ya.(see eukaryote = sookarka. One may also use "Eukaraka". | Sookarka, Eukarka. |
protocol | e.g., address resolution protocol. This a computer procedure, usually an executable. Niyamaavaliya (නියමාවලිය) may also be used but in science a "niyamaya" is a law and not a command. | prathikaarakaya |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS | |
Qbit, quantum-bit | Unlike a standard computer bit which is in one of two binary states 0 or 1, a quantum bit is an entangled state (i.e, a superposition state or cat-state) made of of 0 and 1 (think of a unit complex number with a real and imaginary part) existing together. Multi-state qbits based on a superposition of states in a larger Hilbert space is also possible. Qbits are used in quantum computers. | Ku-d(th)withaya,කු ද්විත | |
Quality | e.g., as in quality control, quality assurance etc. | saagunyya, saguna | |
Quantum | e.g., the discrete unit, usually of energy. But the word is derived from "quantity" | pramana-anshuva, pamansuva, quantama | |
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quantum logic | quantum theory is based on a calculus of operators. Logic gates which exploit two-by-two matrices which operate on 0,1 states can be used to formulate quantum computers which can act in a massively parallel manner. | Kwantam tharkanaya | |
Quantum Monte Carlo QMC | Monte Carlo is the city in the south of France famous for its Casino. QMC is a method of doing quantum mechanics by simulation on massive computers, based on stochastic methods, hence the name . Monte Carlo. The method of simulation of classical systems, using computers and classical probability is also called Monte Carlo simulation. In quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), the probability measure has to provided from the square of an assumed wavefunction which is constantly optimized. The name is used in Sinhala and all languages, without translation. | Kvantum Monte Carlo. |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
RAM | random access memory, usually a hard disc | nikaru peves daegaeba
නිකරැ පෙවෙස්
දෑගැබ |
random | random event, random number, random value etc. This means an occurrence without "evident cause", and its probability is 0.5. The sinhalese "nikam", or Nishkarma" is perfectly OK. But we suggest "nirudyaasa". The word "sasmabhavya", and similar forms are unsatisfactory if sambhaavya is used for "probable", since "sasambhavYa" implies more-probable". | Nirudyaasa, නිරුද්යාස |
recycle verb, adjective etc. | Used printer cartridges should be trashed into the RECYCLE bin is a typical usage. | Pilivarthana |
reject, rejection | The sinhala words for eject, inject, project all depend on various on -ject | prathi-k-shepa, pathisepaya |
release (noun) | e.g, as in "this application is the second release after the beta version". | Nikutha |
release (verb) | e.g., the license details are released. | Nikuth kireema |
ROM | read only memory , e.g., the boot disc. | Paatanayata seemitha daegaeba (දෑ ගැබ) |
RWM | read-write memory | paatana-lekhana daegaeba |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Scan | e.g., to scan an image using a "scanner", CAT scan "Kaita skaaenaya" which may make a human tumor visible. | skaaenaya |
Schrodinger's cat | To illustrate the un-intuitive nature of quantum physics, Schrodinger conceived of the cat paradox. The two binary states 0 and 1 typical of quantum systems and computer bits are equated with the state of and death (state 0), and life (state 1). A cat is trapped in an opaque box containing a device that would kill it by triggering a device by pure chance at an unknown moment, e.g., by a radioactive decay source. As long as we cannot observe the cat we do not know in what state the cat is. Quantum mechanics would require the cat to be in an entangled state, ie., a linear combination of life and death. These are the "paradoxical "cat states" of Schrodinger. The moment the cat is observed, the cat collapses into one or the other of the two sates. This is called "the collapse of the wavefunction", and ensures the breakdown of causality. Such cat states are routinely observed experimentally for atoms, but not for cats. | Schrodingerge balala, Shrodinger-gei kayitayaa |
Search, search engine | The Google SEARCH engine is very popular. the form "sodisi" means circumspect rather than search, and not recommended here. | Sevum, Sevum aenjima |
Search, search engine | The VI editor SEARCHEs the document in a case-sensitive manner. In this context "sodsisi" is the correct usage. | Sodisi |
set, group, class | as in character set, i.e., (san(g)ketha panthiya | samoohaya, panthiya, kulaya, rshiya |
selection selective |
e.g., as in darwin's "natural selection" or "swabhaavika varanaya" | varanaya, pravaranaya vaaranika, pravaaranika, varanaathmaka |
server | Computer or more specifically, the programs which provides the services to other computer programs (and users) is a server. Hosting is one such service. Then it is called a host-server or web server. | සේවා දායකය sevaa daayaka, sevaka |
significant | e.g., as occurring in the phrase, this calculation has an accuracy only up to 4 significant figures, is rendered into sinhala as "mema gananayata vaedagath illkkan hatharka thiunuthaavayak aetha". | vaedagath (e2s map) |
Software | unlike hardware which describes the physical and electronic components of a computer, the software are data and instruction sets which occupy the computer by defining the electronic states (i.e, 0,1, configurations of bits) of the memory and CPU. | Murdukaanga, මෘදුකාංග muduka(n)ga මුදුකංග |
Sorter, Separator | e.g., document sorter | Lipi vaargikaya |
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Speckle | this is the glittering shift in the energy of a transmission mode, or in an image, arising from various interactions or dynamics. | Dileema දිලීම; |
spectrum | this is the set of energy levels, or states, or modes, available to any system, e.g., a vibrating plate, a waveguide, or semiconductor. It is used to signify the palette of colours available on a photo-shop type application. The WDM (wave division multiplexing) technology plays with the spectrum of the transmitted signal. | Dili-patiya දිලි පටිය |
spectral line | When light from an object, i.e., the signal coming in a fiber optic is sent through a prism, it splits into its spectrum, and discrete lines are seen, corresponding to each active mode. These are called spectral lines or modes, although strictly, there is a difference between a spectral level and a spectral line. Lines are formed by combining levels, as in the Balmer formula. | Dili rekhaava |
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subjective |
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Subscriber | e.g., in ADSL, asymmetric digital subscriber line | Parigrahika, පරිග්රාහික Daayakaya |
superposition | This is used to indicate how two modes combine or "entangle" with each other when their amplitudes superpose. Thus the states in an entangled state are formed by superposing two eigenstates. The suffix "super" does not mean "overpowering" one eigenstate by another, but co-existence. These are essential concept of the quantum theory, and also fiber-optics, communication theory etc. | saha-pathanaya |
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e.g., in packet-switched technology PST), circuit-switched technology, etc. PST would be rendered into sinhala as "paekat sangbandhika thakkanaya". Note that it is NOT "saMbandhikaya" |
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synchronous | processes occurring at the same time instant, as opposed to asynchronous. the word "sama-kaaleena" is more appropriate for contemporaneous. | Samavita, opp. of asamavita |
Style | e.g., in Cascade style sheet, or in formatting | Shayilaya |
String theory | In STRING THEORY all fundamental particles are conceived to be excitations of fundamental objects known as "strings". | Thanthu vaadaya |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Tag | This is an indicator on HTML and / to identify (i.e., tag) something. Thus a list item is tagged as <li>, while a data item in a table is tagged as <td >. The end of the data-item is indicated as </td>. | Saelakuna |
task Bar | This is a feature of webpages as well as windows (since windows 95) and contains clickble short-cuts to applications. | Kaariya patiya |
Tech. | short abbreviation from "technical" etc, see write up under "Technical" | Thek., Thak. |
Technical | The sanskrit root word "Thakshana" is in fact related to the western word via Latin, and we have an easy adaptation as "Thekna" | Theknia, තෙක්න thek-kramika |
technician | e.g., computer technician, camera technician | Theknika (Skrt. Thaakshanika), theknikaya, theknikara |
technique | e.g., the technique of ion implantation is used in semi-conductor technology. | theknikaya, Thekkramaya |
Technology | This has a more general sense than "technique. | Thakkanaya,
තෙක්නිකය Thaksasthraya, theksilpaya, shilpa |
Technologist | this has to translated so as to distinguish from scientist or engineer, while they are also technologists. | Shilpia, thekshaasthree, theknikaara |
tera, terabyte TB | see also terabyte, mega etc., this is 240 which is effectively, 1012. | tera-badh-dwithaya |
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transform | e.g., the Fourier or Laplace transform ---> Laplace pariroopaya | pariroopanaya (verb), pariroopaya (noun) |
transformer | e.g., electric voltage transformer | Voelteeyatha parivarthakaya |
transformation | e.g., in the transformation of larvae to insects | pari-vinyaasaya |
treatment | treatment as in a textual discussion, vigrahaya or chakhanaya treatment as in heat treatment "thaapa vilaayanaya" |
vigrahaya, chakhanaya, vilaayanaya |
text (noun) | One must not make the mistake of imagining that "text" is just a collection of words, unless "word" is used in a more general sense. We prefer to treat "text" as "written" material, manipulable with an editor. Text is distinguished from non-character data, like bitmap. Thus we use "likhithya". | Likithya, Likhithaya ලිඛිතය |
text- (adjective) in active process | e.g., as in text box, te | lekhana-, liyana- |
text body | e.g., "this figure has to be embedded in the text body". | Likhitha kaaya |
text box | e.g., "photoshop application will open a text box when the left menu is clicked at ..." | le(e)khana kotuva |
text editor | editors like word, Nodepad, VI are text editors. See "editor". | likitha san(g)skaaraka, likitha saekasuva |
text file | This is a file saved as a "simple text file", and does not contain any special formatting and meta-characters put in by special, easy to use editors like Microsoft word. Word documents also can be saved as "text files", or "ASCII files", and carry the extension ".txt". When manually writing HTML files, it is easiest to use a text editor. | Likitha gonuva |
text message, text messaging | e.g., "cell phones allow text messaging and it is cheaper than voice" | Likhitha panivudaya, likkhitha paniveedanaya ලිඛිත පනිවේදනය |
tilda | This is the short wavy line ~ found on the standard key board. | raeli-ira |
time time scales |
time, as in space-time ~ found on the standard time scales may be Plank timescales, or time scales associated with electronic processes (femtoseconds), nano-time scales, or macroscopic time scales |
kaalaya kaala maana, plAnk kaala maana, nAno-kaala maana, maheisha kaala maana |
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Transmission | e.g., as in Transmission control protocol (TCP)/internet protocol (IP). Our sinhala form is related to the Pali peseti, pahinaati. Aelian de Silva suggests "tharaathearuma". | sampēshanaya, samprēshanaya, sampaesuna; |
TCP | Transmission control protocol. This together with IP, is basic to internet transmission, and is built into all operating systems unix or windows. | sampaesun paalaka prathi-kaarkaya |
terabyte | 1012 bytes, i.e., 1 followed by 12 zeros. | tera-Bad(h)vitha, ටෙර බද්විත |
tracks | e.g., see the usage "in these platters, the data is physically placed in concentric circles called tracks". We render it into sinhala as: "Mema thatuvala, yaata naemaethi ek-kendrika vurtha vala daththa bahavaa aetha". The word "yaatha" is based on the Pali word which is related to Yaaema (going), and to "track". | yaatha |
TRC | Sri Lanka's Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (TRC) | Viduli Sande~sha Niyaamana komisama. විදුලි සංදේශ නියාමන කොමිසම |
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Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Uncertainty principle uncertainty |
This asserts the essential impossibility of obtaining a precise knowledge of, for example, the position AND the speed of an object. This uncertainty is important only for nano-scale objects. Thus atoms, electrons and other subatomic components in computers obey the quantum theory where Heisenberg's uncertainty principle holds. Causality as normally understood does not hold. See also "Schrodinger's cat" | anishchithathaa sidhanthaya, aniyaatha sidhaanthaya anishchithathaava |
Unicode | The Unicode chart assigned hexadecimal or equivalent decimal values to alphabetic characters, thus the letter A=&#3461; or &#x0D85; in hexadecimal. | Unico~d, Uniko~tha, Uniketuma. |
Unified | e.g., in "unified theory", aekeekruth vaadhaya unified treatment --> "aekeekruth chakhanaya" or aekeekrutha vigrahaya. |
aekeekruth |
unipolar, (opp. Ambipolar) | e.g., in "UNIPOLAR conduction", i.e., only one kind of charge in a conductor contribute to the current. See Ambipolar, where both +ve and -ve charges contribute. | e~ka draevika, (ubbaya -dhraevika) (e2s map) |
User, users | e.g, some users prefer the Firefox browser. | Parishheelaka,
පරිශීලක pa ri shee la ka yo~   (e2s map) |
User-friendly | e.g., see the usage "systems with graphical-user-interface (GUI) are more user-friendly than systems which demand advanced knowledge, as in unix operating systems. "User-friendly" is a simple term for "xenodochial". | Parisheela-mithra, parisheela mmaka   (e2s map) |
Unix | An operating system originally developed by AT&T and particularly useful for writing code with C, C++-type languages. It was used by Silicon-Graphics workstations. Today Linux has more or less supplanted Unix. |
යූනික්ස්
මෙහෙයුම්
පද්ධතිය. yoonix meheyum padhdhathiya. |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
VAN, virtual area network | This is a high-bandwidth LAN which gives rapid access and more "community feeling. See entries under "virtual" etc. | Niman pedesi daela, Nirmaanika presesha Jaalaya | Variable | variable, as opposed to a constant, Niyatahaya. | Sachalyaya |
variable-length subnet mask (VLSM) | This is a sequence of numbers of variable length that optimize packet routing within the subnets of a proprietary network. A subnet can be, e.g., a local area network (LAN) | sachaly-aapthika pradesha jaalaya br> sachaliyaaphika pedes daela |
Vesicle | A vesicle is ball-like container, usually made of a lipid layer with watery material inside, as in a living cell. "Kalaya" (pot) in sinhla has the idea of a container. | Vaesikalaya |
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veluma, pravchaya |
Video | video tape (1935), video cassette (1971), videogame (1973) are new words, derived from the Latin "videra", i.e., "to see". Sinhlala usage "Vidah pae~ma", i.e., "illustration, has this implicit sense. | විදෘශ්ය vidrusaya, Vidaehiya, Veedio~va |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
WAN | Wide area network; this is in contrast to a local area network (LAN) | Pulul pedes daela පුලුල් පෙදෙස් දැල Pulul Pradesha Jaalaya |
wavelength | Different types of electromagnetic signals have different wavelengths. See the use of the word, as in WDM, see below | Tharanga aapthaya |
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) | It is a method of combining multiple optical signals at various wavelengths for transmission in fiber-optic cables. The signal is analyzed at the receiver by a spectroscope, i.e, using filters sensitive to different wavelengths. | Tharangaaptha Bedeem Bahu-sandanaya |
Web | as in World wide web (WWW) | Athurudaela, Antharjaalaya, Loka-Vyaptha Jaalaya |
Website | An internet site that can be accessed and using a browser etc. | Web Adaviya, Jaala Thaenna ජාල තැන්න |
Web server | Thais is a computer (or the set of programs) which provides the service of web-hosting. | Jaala sevadaayakaya, සේවාදායකය |
Window | One may open sevel WINDOWS on the computer screen, to open several files. | Kavluva |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
XML, extensible mark-up language | See HTML. XML is means for cooperating groups to use each other's meta data, within a standard from the WWWW consortium. See individually, entries under extensible, markup, and language | dheergakaamee san(g)lakshitha bhashava, digkaemi saelasum-yuth basa |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Yagi Antenna, Yagi-Uda antenna | This is a directional antenna named after the Japanese inventor. The word antenna, is from Latin and suggests a sail-yard which "sticks out" | Yagi pitaskoora |
Y-modem | This is an error-correction protocol for modems which use 1024-byte data blocks. | Y-muhuyathnaya |
Yotta, yottabyte | see also terabyte, mega etc., this is 10-24 which is effectively, 1024. | Yotha-badh-dwithaya |
Yocto, yocto-second (ys) | this is 10-24 seconds. A pico-second (pico-paraya) is 10-12. Hence a Yocto second is a pico-pico second. | Yokto-tathparaya, yoktoparaya |
Technical term | Context and Discussion |
සිංහල යෙදීම SINHALA FORMS |
Zap | e.g., as used in "a zap is a correction code which is overlaid on usually uneditable, e.g., binary, files which have been found to have a bug. The meaning is associated with the "sound" and means to "zap" or smother the error. We ca use the same word in sinhala. | Zap. |
zip | zip files are a file extension for a type of compressed files. | zip |
zip codes | these are numeric codes used in postal services in many countries. There are not "codes" in the sense of a collection of computer instructions. | zip an(g)ka |
zip drive | is a trademark portable disk drive used primarily for backing up and archiving personal computer files. Now one uses memory sticks instead. | zip draevaya |
zettabyte | this is a billion terabytes (see under terabyte). | zetta-Bad(h)vitha (බද්විත) |
Zepto, Septo-second (zs) | this is 10-21 seconds. | zepto-tathparaya |
zone | e.g., see below zoned-bit encoding, zone-density recording etc. | kalaapaya |
zoned recording | This is a method of optimizing the hard drive by placing more sectors in the outer tracks than in the inner tracks of the platters which make up the hard drive. | kalaapa-vaarthaakraya (vaarthaa kirieema) |